Wednesday, September 30, 2009

MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

Can
Indica habilidades o posibilidad.
Ejemplos
I can speak english (Yo sé hablar inglés.)
The doctor can see you at 3.00 ( El doctor le puede visitar a las tres. )
Can you speak german? (¿Sabes hablar alemán? )
Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + can + verbo
negativa: sujeto + can not / can't + verbo
pregunta: can + sujeto + verbo?
respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + can / No, sujeto + can't

Could
Es el pasado de can. También se utiliza para preguntar por algo, pero más educadamente que con can.

Ejemplos
Could you speak Japonese before you went to Japan? (¿Sabías hablar japonés antes de que fuiste a Japón?)
Tony could swim when he was six. (Toni sabia nadar cuando tena seis años. )
Could you help me? (¿Podría ayudarme?)
Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + could + verbo
negativa: sujeto + could not / couldn't + verbo
pregunta: could + sujeto + verbo?
respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + could / No, sujeto + couldn't

May
Lo utilizamos para decir que algo es posible o muy probable. Lo usamos con el presente o futuro.
También se utiliza para preguntar por algo pero más educadamente que con el could.

Ejemplos
I may stay at home or I may go to a disco.(Puede que me quede en casa o puede que vaya a la discoteca)
May I use your dictionary? (¿Podría usar su diccionario?)
Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + may + verbo
negativa: sujeto + may + not
pregunta: may + sujeto + verbo?

Might
Es el pasado de may. También se usa para expresar una eventualidad pero con ms probabilidad.
Ejemplos
Be careful. You might burn yourself. (Ten cuidado. Te podrías quemar.)
Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + might + verbo
negativa: sujeto + might not / mightn't

Must
Se utiliza cuando pensamos o realizamos algo que es necesario o muy probable.
La forma negativa equivale a una prohibición.
Para hablar en pasado o futuro debemos usar el modal have to.
Ejemplos
I am really tired. I must go home now. (Estoy realmente cansado. Debo irme a casa ahora)
You must keep your room tidy. (Debes conservar tu habitacin ordenada.)

Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + must + verbo
negativa: sujeto + must not / musn't + verbo
pregunta: must + sujeto + verbo?
respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + must / No, sujeto + mustn't

Have to
Lo utilizamos para expresar que algo es necesario.
Para formular la pregunta y la negación debemos utilizar el auxiliar do.
El pasado es had to.

Ejemplos
You have to drive on the right in the USA.(Tienes que conducir por la derecha en los EEUU.)
I don't have to wear a uniform at school. (No tengo que llevar uniforme en la escuela.)
Did you have to work yesterday? (¿Tuviste que trabajar ayer?)
Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + have to + verbo
negativa: sujeto + don't have to / do have to + verbo
pregunta: Do + sujeto + have to + verbo?
respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + do does // No, sujeto + don't doesn't

Should
Se utiliza para dar consejo o una opinión.
Ejemplos
You should have a holiday. (Deberías tener vacaciones.)
You shouldn't work so hard (No deberías trabajar tanto.)
What do you think I should do? (¿Qué crees que debería hacer?)
Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + should + verbo
negativa: sujeto + should not / shouldn't + verbo
pregunta: should + sujeto + verbo?
respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + should / No, sujeto + shouldn't

Ought to
Significa deber, esperar que ocurra algo...
Ejemplos
I think I ought to tell him. (Creo que debo contárselo.)
She ought to pass the exam. (Seguramente aprobará el examen.)
Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + ought + verbo
negativa: sujeto + ought not / oughtn't + verbo
pregunta: ought + sujeto + verbo?
respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + ought / No, sujeto + oughtn't

Would / would like
Would se utiliza en general para las frases condicionales.
También lo usamos para predicciones, ofrecimientos y para preguntar por algo educadamente.
Ejemplos
I would like to go to London (Me gustaría ir a Londres)
Peter was working very hard. He would be tired tomorrow. (Peter estuvo trabajando duro. Estará cansado mañana.)
Would you like coffe? (¿Le gustaría tomar café?)
Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + would + verbo
afirmativa corta: sujeto+ 'd + verbo
negativa: sujeto + would not / wouldn't+ verbo
pregunta: would + sujeto + verbo?
respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + would / No, sujeto + wouldn't

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