EVER / NEVER

"Never" significa nunca.

"Ever" en cambio, puede significar "nunca" y también "alguna vez".

Por ejemplo: Have you "ever" been to China?

¿Has estado alguna vez en China? ¿Has ido alguna vez a China?

También "ever" se utiliza en vez de "never" en el tipo de expresión que aparece en el ejercicio tres.

La fórmula es: un adjetivo en grado superlativo (el más grande, el más pequeño, el mejor) + sustantivo + sujeto + "have/has" + ever + past participle.

"Ejemplo: The nicest (adjetivo superlativo) man (sustantivo) I (sujeto)'ve (have) ever met (past participle.

El hombre más simpático que he conocido.

"Ever" se coloca siempre entre el verbo auxiliar "have/has" y el participio del verbo.

e.g. This is the nicest hotel I have ever seen in Mexicali.

Sources of English Vocabulary

View more presentations from teflang.

ALREADY / YET (Youtube)

FOR / SINCE (Youtube)

EVER / NEVER

Choose the correct answer. Ever & Never

Q1 - I've ____ seen her do that.
ever / never

Q2 - I've trouble ____ since I bought it.
ever / never

Q3 - I am surprised that you have _____ done it before.
ever / never

Q4 - Have you ____ tried it?
ever / never / Either could be used.

Q5 - Haven't you ____ been there?
ever / never / Either could be used.

Q6 - 'Ever' and 'never' are adjectives.
True / False

Q7 - It's ____ been this bad before.
ever / never / Either could be used.

Q8 - 'Ever' and 'never' are adverbs.
True / False

ALREADY / YET

Choose “already” or “yet” & Translate.
Farm animals.

1. They haven’t brought the colt and filly ____________

____________________________________________________

2. The mare had a colt this morning. ____________!

____________________________________________________

3. Vanessa hasn’t taken the duck, drake, and ducklings to the pond _____

____________________________________________________

4. They ____________ put the goose, gander, goslings in the pen.

____________________________________________________

5. The veterinary hasn’t come to se the piglets ____________.

_____________________________________________________

6. The farmer ____________ put the sow and hog in quarantine.

____________________________________________________

7. The dogs haven’t seen the fox and vixen around the hen’s ________

____________________________________________________

8. The goat and kid are in the pen ____________, but the nanny hasn’t given milk ____________.

_____________________________________________________

ALREADY / YET

Complete the sentences using already / yet and then have students translate the sentences:

1. We have __________ spoken to the students.

________________________________________________________

2. My friends haven’t arrived from San Francisco __________.

________________________________________________________

3. Some of the students were __________ in the classroom.

________________________________________________________

4. We haven’t started the advanced section of this book __________.

________________________________________________________

5. The Browns have ___________ had their new car for two weeks.

________________________________________________________

6. Mr. Green has had no opportunity to mention it ___________.

________________________________________________________

7. Most of the students have done this lesson __________.

________________________________________________________

8. Not many people have heard the news ___________.

________________________________________________________

SINCE / FOR

Choose “Since” or “For” & Translate.
First Aid Kit Supplies.

1. Cristina hasn’t taken the splinter out of her finger ____________ she lost the tweezers.

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

2. Melvin went ____________ the scissors to the infirmary.

_____________________________________________________

3. ____________ you hit your head you will need an ice bag.

_____________________________________________________

4. The teacher sent Mark ____________ some alcohol and some cotton.

_____________________________________________________

5. Only calamine lotion is good ____________ that rash.

_____________________________________________________

6. We don’t have any sterile gauzes for dressings ____________ yesterday.

_____________________________________________________

7. We don’t have any adhesive tape ____________ the gauzes.

_____________________________________________________

FOR / SINCE

Choose the correct word (for / since) to complete the sentences.

Translate the answers.

a. How long have you known each other?

b. We’ve known each other for two years.

a. How long have you been sick?

b. I’ve been sick since last Thursday.


1. How long have Dan and Patty known each other? (Three years.)

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2. How long have Mr. and Mrs. Rios been married? (1950)

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3. How long has Manuel been in San Miguel de Aliened? (Last year)

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

4. How long have you had a headache? (Eight o’clock this morning)

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

5. How long has your sister had the measles? (Five days)

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

6. How long has Mrs? Prieto was a teacher? (35 years)

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

7. How long have there been satellites in space? (1957)

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

8. How long have you owned this house? (Ten years)

_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

9. How long have you been interested in astronomy? (Many years)

_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

PRESENT PERFECT - (YouTube)

Can, could, have to, must, might should...

Complete the sentences using the words listed below. Don't forget to capitalize when necessary. Some gaps may have more than one correct answer.

can could have to must might should

1. Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He ____________ be exhausted

after such a long flight. He ____________ prefer to stay in tonight and get some rest.

2. If you want to get a better feeling for how the city is laid out, you ____________ walk downtown and explore the waterfront.

3. Hiking the trail to the peak ____________ be dangerous if you are not well prepared for

dramatic weather changes. You ____________ research the route a little more before you attempt the ascent.

4. When you have a small child in the house, you ____________ leave small objects lying

around. Such _____________ objects be swallowed, causing serious injury or even death.

5. Dave: _____________ you hold your breath for more than a minute? Nathan: No, I can't.

6. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It ____________ have cost a fortune.

7. Please make sure to water my plants while I am gone. If they don't get enough water, they ___________ die.

8. I _____________ speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Egypt. But after we moved back to Canada, I had very little exposure to the language and forgot almost

everything I knew as a child. Now, I ____________ just say a few things in the language.

9. The book is optional. My professor said we ___________ read it if we needed extra credit.

But we ____________ read it if we don't want to.

10. Leo: Where is the spatula? It ____________ be in this drawer but it's not here.Nancy: I just did a load of dishes last night and they're still in the dish washer.

It be in there. That's the only other place it ____________ be.

11. You ____________ take your umbrella along with you today. The weatherman on the news said there's a storm north of here and it ____________ rain later on this afternoon.

12. ____________ we pull over at the next rest stop? I ____________ really use the

bathroom and I don't know if I ____________ hold it until we get to Chicago.

13. Oh no! Frank's wallet is lying on the coffee table. He ____________ have left it here last night.

14. Ned: _____________ I borrow your lighter for a minute? Stephen: Sure, no problem.

Actually, you _____________ keep it if you want to. I've given up smoking.

15. I ____________ believe she said that to Megan! She ____________ insult her cooking in

front of everyone at the party last night. She _____________ have just said she was full or had some salad if she didn't like the meal.

16. Do you ____________ chew with your mouth open like that? Geez, it's making me sick watching you eat that piece of pizza.

17. Mrs. Scarlett's body was found in the lounge just moments ago, and it's still warm! Nobody

has left the mansion this evening, so the killer _____________ be someone in this room. It

_______________ be any one of us!!!

18. Ted: I don't know why Denise starting crying when I mentioned the wedding.Pamela:

It ____________ have been what you said about her brother. Or, perhaps she is just nervous. After all, the big day is tomorrow.

19. ____________ you always say the first thing that pops into your head? ____________ you think once in awhile before you speak?

20. I was reading the book last night before I went to bed. I never took it out of this room.

It ____________ be lying around here somewhere.

Where ____________ it be? be swallowed, causing serious injury or even death.

MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

Can
Indica habilidades o posibilidad.
Ejemplos
I can speak english (Yo sé hablar inglés.)
The doctor can see you at 3.00 ( El doctor le puede visitar a las tres. )
Can you speak german? (¿Sabes hablar alemán? )
Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + can + verbo
negativa: sujeto + can not / can't + verbo
pregunta: can + sujeto + verbo?
respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + can / No, sujeto + can't

Could
Es el pasado de can. También se utiliza para preguntar por algo, pero más educadamente que con can.
Ejemplos
Could you speak Japonese before you went to Japan? (¿Sabías hablar japonés antes de que fuiste a Japón?)
Tony could swim when he was six. (Toni sabia nadar cuando tena seis años. )
Could you help me? (¿Podría ayudarme?)
Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + could + verbo
negativa: sujeto + could not / couldn't + verbo
pregunta: could + sujeto + verbo?
respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + could / No, sujeto + couldn't

May
Lo utilizamos para decir que algo es posible o muy probable. Lo usamos con el presente o futuro.
También se utiliza para preguntar por algo pero más educadamente que con el could.
Ejemplos
I may stay at home or I may go to a disco.(Puede que me quede en casa o puede que vaya a la discoteca)
May I use your dictionary? (¿Podría usar su diccionario?)
Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + may + verbo
negativa: sujeto + may + not
pregunta: may + sujeto + verbo?

Might
Es el pasado de may. También se usa para expresar una eventualidad pero con ms probabilidad.
Ejemplos
Be careful. You might burn yourself. (Ten cuidado. Te podrías quemar.)
Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + might + verbo
negativa: sujeto + might not / mightn't

Must
Se utiliza cuando pensamos o realizamos algo que es necesario o muy probable.
La forma negativa equivale a una prohibición.
Para hablar en pasado o futuro debemos usar el modal have to.
Ejemplos
I am really tired. I must go home now. (Estoy realmente cansado. Debo irme a casa ahora)
You must keep your room tidy. (Debes conservar tu habitacin ordenada.)

Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + must + verbo
negativa: sujeto + must not / musn't + verbo
pregunta: must + sujeto + verbo?
respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + must / No, sujeto + mustn't

Have to
Lo utilizamos para expresar que algo es necesario.
Para formular la pregunta y la negación debemos utilizar el auxiliar do.
El pasado es had to.
Ejemplos
You have to drive on the right in the USA.(Tienes que conducir por la derecha en los EEUU.)
I don't have to wear a uniform at school. (No tengo que llevar uniforme en la escuela.)
Did you have to work yesterday? (¿Tuviste que trabajar ayer?)
Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + have to + verbo
negativa: sujeto + don't have to / do have to + verbo
pregunta: Do + sujeto + have to + verbo?
respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + do does // No, sujeto + don't doesn't

Should
Se utiliza para dar consejo o una opinión.
Ejemplos
You should have a holiday. (Deberías tener vacaciones.)
You shouldn't work so hard (No deberías trabajar tanto.)
What do you think I should do? (¿Qué crees que debería hacer?)
Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + should + verbo
negativa: sujeto + should not / shouldn't + verbo
pregunta: should + sujeto + verbo?
respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + should / No, sujeto + shouldn't

Ought to
Significa deber, esperar que ocurra algo...
Ejemplos
I think I ought to tell him. (Creo que debo contárselo.)
She ought to pass the exam. (Seguramente aprobará el examen.)
Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + ought + verbo
negativa: sujeto + ought not / oughtn't + verbo
pregunta: ought + sujeto + verbo?
respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + ought / No, sujeto + oughtn't

Would / would like
Would se utiliza en general para las frases condicionales.
También lo usamos para predicciones, ofrecimientos y para preguntar por algo educadamente.
Ejemplos
I would like to go to London (Me gustaría ir a Londres)
Peter was working very hard. He would be tired tomorrow. (Peter estuvo trabajando duro. Estará cansado mañana.)
Would you like coffe? (¿Le gustaría tomar café?)
Sintaxis
afirmativa: sujeto + would + verbo
afirmativa corta: sujeto+ 'd + verbo
negativa: sujeto + would not / wouldn't+ verbo
pregunta: would + sujeto + verbo?
respuesta corta: Yes, sujeto + would / No, sujeto + wouldn't

Complete the sentences using the words listed in the box below. Positive and negatives can be used. (might, must, should)

1. Nancy said you didn't need to buy her anything for her birthday, but I

really think you ______________ at least get her some flowers or a
nice bottle of wine.

2. Debbie said she was really busy this week, but I think she ________
show up at the party if she doesn't have to work overtime on Friday.

3. Nina said she would come over right after work, so she __________
be here by 6:00.

4. Oh my God, he's unconscious. Don't move him - he _____________
have internal injuries. Somebody call an ambulance.

5. You ________________ be kidding! That can't be true.

6. Dan: Where's the remote control? I want to change the channel. Fiona: I don't know. It _______________ be under the couch. Or, perhaps I absent-mindedly took it into the kitchen. I'll check in there.

7. For most people, learning a language is a challenging undertaking. Experts agree that to make

the most of your language learning experience, you ______________ practice the language regularly and push yourself to maintain old vocabulary while acquiring new words and expressions.

8. New research suggests that exercise can reduce the chance of heart disease as well as cancer.

That's why I told my father that he _______________ start walking once a day.

9. Tim: While I was a student, I spent a year and a half studying Pygmy culture in the Central African Republic. My research focused on unique aspects of the their social structure and

religion. Simona: That ______________ have been absolutely fascinating!

10. We had better call Tony to see if he's at home before we go over to his house.

He ______________ be there and we don't want to drive all the way over there for nothing.

11. You _______________ worry so much. It doesn't do you any good. Either you get the job, or you don't. If you don't, just apply for another one. Eventually, you will find work.

12. I would love to go on the cruise to Tahiti with Robin and Michelle. But such a luxurious trip ______________ cost a fortune. I doubt I could afford something like that.

13. The book recommends adding fresh soil and using plant food to make your garden flowers grow. Since some people might be allergic to chemicals in artificial plant foods,

the book says that you _________ use an organic brand to avoid skin irritations.

RHYTHM AND RHYME: (5)

IF YOU LEAVE AT SIX

If you live at six
You’ll be there at eight
If you don’t leave now
You’ll be very late.

If you start work now.
You’ll be through at seven.
If you wait ‘till noon,
You’ll be busy ‘till eleven

If you catch the train
You’ll be home by ten
If you get there late,
You’ll miss dinner again.


RHYTHM AND RHYME: PARTY GUESTS

I’ll ask Bob if you ask Bill.
I’ll bring Tom if you bring Jill
I’ll call Susan if you call Tim
I’ll call Janet if you ask Jim.

If I ask Jim, I’ll have to ask Sue.
If you ask Sue, you’ll have to ask Lou.
If I ask Lou, he’ll want to bring Bella.
If you don’t ask Bella, you can’t ask Stella.
If I ask Jane, will I have to ask Phil?

You’ll have to ask Phil, and you’ll have to ask Bill

Conditional 1 If / When (4)

1. ____________I am late to work, my boss gets very angry.
That is why I am always on time.

2. ____________I leave work, I usually go to the fitness center to work out.

3. ____________ he eats, he tries to choose healthy foods.

4. His car is very reliable, and he rarely has any trouble with it.
But he has had a couple of difficulties in the past.

____________ his car breaks down or he has any problems, he calls the auto club.

5. His car is terrible! It always breaks down. _____________ his car breaks down or he has any problems, he calls the auto club.

6. Mary gets six weeks paid vacation a year. She loves to travel. ___________ she goes on vacation, she always goes somewhere exotic.

7. Diane works harder than anyone I know. I don't think she has taken a day off in three years. But she does really love to travel.

____________ she goes on vacation, she goes somewhere exotic.

8. He loves going to the movies. ____________he goes to the movies, he always gets a large popcorn with tons of butter.

9. She hates TV. She thinks television is a waste of time.

___________ she watches any television at all, it is usually a documentary or a news program.

10. My friend always keeps in touch by mail. ____________ I get a letter, I usually write back immediately.

Present Unreal Conditional (3)

e.g. a) Can Richard dance?
b) No, he can’t… but he wishes he could.
If he could dance, he’d go dancing every night.

1. A) Can Kelly sew?

No she can’t… but she wishes she could.

b) If she could sew, she’d make all her own clothes.


2. A) Can John and Zachary use the computer? (Be able to get a
better job)

No they can’t… _______________________________________

b) If they could _______________________________________

___________________________________________________

3. A) Can Ruby fined her keys? (Be able to get into her house)

No she can’t… __________________________________________

b) If she could __________________________________________

_________________________________________________

4. A) Can Lupita find her glasses? (Play with the “Age of Empires”)

No she can’t… _______________________________________

b) If she could __________________________________________

5. A) Can Russell fix his car by himself? (Save a lot of money.)

No he can’t… but he wishes he could.

b) If he could ___________________________________________

____________________________________________________

6. A) Can Shea type fast? (Be able to leave work on time)

No she can’t… _________________________________________

b) If she could ________________________________________

___________________________________________________

7. A) Can Todd and Abigail play a musical instrument? (Be able to
march In the school parade)

No they can’t… _________________________________________

b) If they could _________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

8. A) Can Catalina stop thinking about tomorrow’s English test?
(Get a good night’s sleep)

No she can’t… _________________________________________

b) If she could _________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

First Conditional (2)

IF + PRESENT SIMPLE , WILL + INFINITIVE
WILL + INFINITIVE + IF + PRESENT SIMPLE

Fill the gap using the verb in brackets. Three gaps need a NEGATIVE verb and watch out for the third person S...!

1. If Clare ___________________ late again, the hockey trainer will be furious. (to arrive)

2. You'll be sorry if you ___________________ for your exams. (to revise)

3. We ___________________ if the weather's good. (to go)

4. They ___________________ you if you wear a wig and dark glasses. (to recognise)

5. If the bus ___________________ on time, I won't miss the football. (to be)

6. If you ___________________ your homework now, you'll be free all tomorrow. (to do)

7. We___________________ out if there's no food at home. (to eat)

8. You'll find life much easier if you ___________________ more often. (to smile)

9. If it's hot, we___________________ for a swim. (to go)

10. You'll do it better if you ___________________ more time over it. (to take)

11. If she ___________________ practising, she'll get better. (to keep)

12. Mum will be very sad if Jim ___________________ Mother's Day again. (to forget)

13. I___________________ so happy if I pass the exam. (to be)

14. You'll be really tired tomorrow if you ___________________ to bed soon. (to go)

15. The government ___________________ the next election if they continue to ignore public opinion. (to lose)

16. If Valencia FC win the Spanish football league, I___________________ my hair blue. (to dye)

17. If someone ___________________ you a bike, you can come with us. (to lend)

First Conditional

Put the correct form of each verb in brackets into the box.

1. If you __________ (not study), you __________ (fail) the test.

2. We __________ (die) if we __________(not get) help soon!

3. If you _________ (look) in the fridge, you _________ (find) some cold drinks.

4. If there __________ (be) no oil in the engine, the car __________ (break) down.

5. I __________ (lend) you my umbrella if you ___________ (need) it.

6. The sea level ____________ (rise) if the planet ____________ (get) hotter.

7. If you ____________ (eat) your sandwiches now, you ___________ (have) anything for lunch!

8. You ___________ (be) safe in an accident if you ____________ (wear) your seatbelt.

9. If he ___________ (save) all his money, he ___________ (be able to go) on holiday to Canada.

10. I ___________ (not come) with you if you ____________ (not bring) John!

English Grammar: Conditional & Imaginary - IF, WILL, WOULD, WERE

Can, Could and To Be Able To...

Circle the correct answer. Checked your answers with your teacher.

1. I ______________ remember his name.

am not able to
can't
red herring

2. You'll be able to solve this, ______________?
can you
won't you
will you

3. Diana ______________ the piano.

can play
can to play
eats

4. Sorry, Teacher. I ______________do it yet.

wasn't able to
couldn't
haven't been able to

5. She ______________ come on holiday next month if her parents give her permission.

can't
could
will be able to

6. He ______________ pass the exam if he studied harder.

will be able to
can
would be able to

7. They ______________ go. The weather was too bad.

couldn't
can't
wasn't able to

8. The fishing boat sank but luckily all the crew ______________ save themselves.

were able to
could
wasn't able to

9. Can you lend me some money?
Sorry. I ______________. I haven't got any either.

can't
am not able to
couldn't

10. We ______________ go to the party. We're going to a wedding.

couldn't
won't be able to
will can't

Speaking English - Expressing ability with CAN, COULD, BE ABLE TO

Can / Be Able To - Exercises

Underline the correct form of 'can' "could" or 'to be able to' to complete the sentences below.

e.g. Tom -- was able to (buy) a new house last month.

e.g. Can they play (they/play) tennis well?

1. She _______________ (not/understand)the question yesterday.

2. Fred __________ (speak) Russian when he was six years old.

3. When __________________________ (you/come) tomorrow?

4. Unfortunately, they -- (weren't able to get OR couldn't get) the bread this morning.

5. I -- (wasn't able to OR couldn't play) golf last Thursday.

6. _____________ (you / speak) Japanese?

7. Will ______________________(he / come) to the party next weekend.

8. They ______ ___________ (get) tickets to the Rolling Stones concert last week.

9. How were _____________ (you / convince) him to come to the exhibition last week?

10. She (wasn't able to enjoy OR couldn't enjoy) the concert because of the noise outside.